Concrete: concrete is made from mainly water, aggregate and cement, however other chemicals and materials are used to help bind the materials together. concrete can be damaged by freezing water, fire, sea effects, corrosion, weathering, physical damage and chemical damage.concrete is used in damns, breakwaters, pavements, buildings and various other objects. the production of cement, which is used in concrete, is a primary producer of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gasses. concrete can cause water pollution and can cause soil erosion. A pro of concrete is that it is sturdy and can last a very long time, (Concrete structures can also last as long as 16000 years.) however some negatives are that it cracks easily, is susceptible to moisture and expands and contracts with changes in temperature.

Steel: Steel is an alloy made of iron and carbon. it is a hard, ductile and strong material that is used for building skyscraper, bridges, cars and household appliances.However steel can rust due to oxidation and the steel frames in buildings can last up to 80 years. the steel industry creates many greenhouse gasses due to its use of coal. The steel industry has and is playing a huge role in infrastructural and economic development.

Brick: brick is made by kneading clay bearing soil, sand and concrete material. Ii is used in buildings, pavements and other structures. some pros of bricks is that they are aesthetically pleasing and there is an abundance of the materials that make it. however bricks do not stand very well against earthquakes and other natural events and due to weathering and erosion can become brittle and break easily. brick can have a lifespan of up to 500 years.